![]() In clinical practice, microbiologists are generally concerned with identification – the correct naming of isolates according to agreed systems of classification. Changes in nomenclature may give rise to confusion and are subject to internationally agreed rules. Classification allows the orderly grouping of micro-organisms, whereas nomenclature concerns the naming of these organisms and requires agreement so that the same name is used unambiguously by everyone. Taxonomy consists of three components: classification, nomenclature and identification. These are postulated to be naturally occurring host cell membrane glycoproteins that undergo conformative changes to an infectious isoform (see Ch. ![]() Another class of infectious particles are prions, the causative agents of fatal neurodegenerative disorders in animals and man. Even simpler are viroids, protein-free fragments of single-stranded circular RNA that cause disease in plants. The viruses are the smallest of the infective agents they have a relatively simple structure that is not comparable with that of a cell, and their mode of reproduction is fundamentally different from that of cellular organisms. Blue–green algae do not cause infection, but certain species produce potent peptide toxins that may affect persons or animals ingesting polluted water. As the algae, slime moulds and archaea are not currently thought to contain species of medical or veterinary importance, they will not be considered further. The archaea are a distinct phylogenetic group of prokaryotes that bear only a remote ancestral relationship to other organisms (see Ch. The bacteria, including organisms of the mycoplasma, rickettsia and chlamydia groups, together with the related blue–green algae, comprise the smaller micro-organisms, with the form of cellular organization described as prokaryotic. ![]() 2) micro-organisms their cells have the same general type of structure and organization as that found in plants and animals. The algae (excluding the blue–green algae), the protozoa, slime moulds and fungi include the larger eukaryotic (see Ch. ![]()
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